Cali Joseph's Blog

If milk is offered, it should…

calijoseph — Sat, 17 Jul 2010 05:03:54 +0000

If milk is offered, it should be given alongside water and so that the animal has a choice.
Many adult cats, contrary to popular opinion, actively dislike milk, and it is not necessary for them.
For some, especially Siamese cats, it can cause gastric upsets, and if milk is given without alternative water and such cats are liable to suffer from diarrhoea. What smells actively repel cats?
The chemical smells of modern tap water may stop a cat drinking from its bowl, but they are not strong enough to drive the animal back physically from the corner of the kitchen floor where the bowl is placed. Odours offensive enough to put a cat into full retreat are rare.
This creates a problem for people who are looking for something that cats dislike and to use as a repellent.
When a pet cat has started scratching the fabric of a valuable chair, for example, or has begun to make messes on an expensive carpet, it would be helpful to be able to sprinkle or smear some hated odour there to keep the animal away. But what can be used?
Searching back through the long history of feline deterrents and there appear to have been only three smelly substances that have achieved a measure of success.
The first is the oil of the crushed leaves of a small aromatic bush called “rue”.
As long ago as the first century A.D. and the Roman author Pliny, in his monumental Natural History and suggested that placing branches of this shrub around an object would keep cats away from it.
This advice was still being offered 1,200 years later, in the Middle Ages, when an expert on herb gardens wrote, “Behind the turf plot let there be a great diversity of medicinal and aromatic herbs, among which Rue should be mingled in many places for its beauty and greenness, and its bitterness will drive away poisonous animals from the garden.”
Some modern gardeners report that handling the leaves of this plant can cause a blistering rash on sensitive skin and so it must obviously be treated with respect, but there is a good chance that oil of rue would prove to be a successful repellent for most misbehaving cats.
For some reason this ancient piece of folk-wisdom seems to have been largely forgotten, but it might be worth reviving it in cases where ordinary measures have failed. A second and perhaps easier suggestion is the use of onions.

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I trust that ASV realises this, and are…

calijoseph — Thu, 08 Jul 2010 19:52:16 +0000

I trust that ASV realises this, and are even now preparing a matching series of modern Scots works.
There could be no more appropriate item with which to initiate such a project than the magnificent 12-part Motet In Memoriam Robert Carver which Ronald Stevenson composed for them in 198788: a work which deliberately spans the centuries to invoke the spirit of Carver in new, late 20th-Century context. [CM]
CHOPIN
Andante spinato and Grand Polonaise; 4 Ballades; Barcarolle; Berceuse; Bolero; Concertos Nos. 1 & 2; Fantaisie; 4 Impromptus; 51 Mazurkas; 19 Nocturnes; 6 Polonaises; Polonaise-Fantaisie; 24 PrÃ©ludes; 4 Scherzos; Sonatas Nos. 2 & 3; Trantelle; Trois nouvelles Etudes; 14 Waltzes
RUBINSTEIN (piano), NEW SO OF LONDON/SYMPHONY OF THE AIR/SKROWACZEWSKI/WALLENSTEIN
The adjective that has stuck most consistently to Rubinstein’s renowned stereo recordings of Chopin (as boxed here in BMG’s 11-CD “Chopin Collection”) has been “aristocratic”.
Many of the publicity stills make a great play of the stiff and straight back and the proudly jutting chin, and the tranced demeanour crossed with a hint of aloofness.
The poise and refinement, and eloquence of his playing were much lauded and, for those who treasured these qualities above all in Chopin, Rubinstein became an unassailable paragon.
On the other hand, dissenters have viewed this emphasis as a way of skating over a suspicion that something was missing and, amidst the cornucopia of riches here and the inclusion of early mono versions of the Berceuse, Barcarolle and Second Sonata from 1946 provide some supporting evidence.
Here are the extra impulsive fire and spontaneity that transform Rubinstein the poet into something more volatile and unpredictable.
This is splitting hairs of course, and probably no pianist has achieved such a fluid expressive line, or imbued the music with such natural lyricism or inevitable dramatic logic.
Highlights include the Nocturnes, which carry introspection to remote regions of intensity and the Ballades, where some of the old abandon is rekindled to powerful effect.
Rubinstein is always stimulating, never sleepy, and frankly and there’s not a dull bar to be found.
The harsh, brittle sound of the old black discs, always a considerable drawback, has been replaced by a wholly revitalised and much more flattering aural image, enabling us to fully appreciate what remains a classic of the gramophone. [IJ]
The Complete PrÃ©ludes
ALEXEEV (piano)
Chopin’s ever-spellbinding cycle is mercilessly tragic ” the three low notes at the end of the final PrÃ©lude leave no room for optimism ” and one of the most impressive things about Dmitry Alexeev’s fine performance is the way in which he keeps intensity and concentration on the boil throughout all of the minor key pieces in the cycle’s latter half.
Thus it was something of a surprise to hear somewhat slower accounts of the F minor and G minor PrÃ©ludes, but they greatly benefit from this suspense-filled approach, and lead with inevitability to a deep-toned and wonderfully rich rendition of the final D minor PrÃ©lude.
Alexeev commands a wide tonal palette and his lighter, filigree strokes,(e.g. in the G major and E flat major prÃ©ludes) k, but all in all this is a most satisfying interpretation, with just the right balance between control/taste and fascinating notes from the late Gerald Abraham.

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The Willis Bill, which is due for a second…

calijoseph — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 21:47:59 +0000

The Willis Bill, which is due for a second reading in the House of Lords on 6 May and says that anyone who sells, distributes or otherwise manes available am machine capable of reproducing a sound recording or cinematograph film shall be deemed to have authorised infringement of the copyright, in a sound recording or film Although the Bill has little chance of getting any further it will achieve one aim ” to generate publicity for the record and film industry’s call for a tax or levy on blank audio and video tape. Knowledge engineers appointed
ICL, BRITAIN’S only manufacturer of large computers, has set up a “knowledge engineering group” to exploit so-called expert systems.
These are software products in which the expertise of a particular discipline medicine and say ” is encapsulated within a computer program so that non-experts can make use of it.
The group, which will initially amount to about 20 people, will be based at ICL’s new development centre at Gorton in Manchester.
Its main aim is to give ICL a stake in international markets when expert systems become common place around 1990.
But the company believes that it has some products it can sell new, notably software for diagnosing faults in computers.
The group will concentrate on developing the technology and rather than producing systems it will work closely with the University Research Group set up by ICL a year ago.
Expert systems will be key elements of “fifth generation” computers and ICL’s announcement came the day after the government gave its response to the Alvey report (p 272) Yellow rain: the scientists’ verdict
Christopher Joyce, Washington DC
SCIENTISTS from around the world have met in Cambridge, Massachusetts to weigh the evidence on whether chemical war is being waged in South East Asia.
The two-day gathering brought together the widest range of disciplines yet assembled under one roof to discuss the American government’s hotly-contested claim that the Soviet Union is backing a “yellow rain” of terror in Laos and Kampuchea. Both public and press were kept away.
According to participants spoken to by New Scientist .
however and there was no consensus on how to fill the gaps in the government’s case.
Several scientists questioned the hypothesis that the Vietnamese, Kampuchean and Pathet Lao governments are spraying deadly mycotoxins, produced by the fungus Fusarium and commonly called “yellow rain”, on opposition groups like the Laotian Hmong.
Canadian scientists have performed some epidemiology on the alleged victims of attacks who are streaming into refugee camps in Thailand.
According to H. B. Schiefer, a toxicologist at the University of Saskatchewan, Canadians at the meeting argued for more studies of the alleged victims.
Were the cases of poisoning and disease, now acknowledged as extraordinary by virtually all observers and the result of natural contamination or warfare? Species of pathologists during their investigation.
According to Gary Crocker of the State Department, government scientists tested the hypothesis that these species of Fusaria occur naturally in the region, but rejected it.
“For the US government to seriously continue to pursue natural contamination as a real possibility seems kind of ridiculous,” Crocker said. “However, we would pursue it to prove our case.”

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An article in a recent issue of the British Medical…

calijoseph — Mon, 14 Jun 2010 23:54:40 +0000

An article in a recent issue of the British Medical Journal , pointed out that babies in fluoridated areas who drink dried milk formulae made up with water containing 1 ppm fluoride, are ingesting up to 100 times the amount of fluoride they would obtain from mother’s milk (vol 283. p 76).
The researchers demonstrated that there is a physiological plasma/milk barrier against fluoride which protects the infant from more than extremely low concentrations of the halogen.
They suggested: “Hence the recommendation made in several countries to give breast-fed infants fluoride supplements should be reconsidered.”
Obviously, fluoride ingested from drinking water cannot be considered in isolation from other sources of fluoride intake.
Nevertheless and the artificial fluoridation of a community water supply does have certain predictable consequences.
First, fluoridation will raise the average steady state or plateau level of ionic fluoride in the blood throughout the total population.
Secondly, by introducing large amounts of fluoride into the environment, all locally grown and manufactured foods and beverages may contain increased amounts of fluoride, and foods cooked in fluoridated water will increase the fluoride intake of consumers.
Thirdly, because the overall intake has been increased and the average blood ionic fluoride level of the population raised, individuals who ingest submilligram doses of fluoride will run a greater risk of their blood ionic fluoride concentrations peaking to above the threshold level that can cause dental fluorosis or other ill-effects.
Spokesmen for the dental profession have stated that dental fluorosis and the “mild” mottling of the enamel caused by fluoride, is a sign of “good teeth”.
If unsightly and they say and the appearance can be remedied by the fitting of artificial crowns!
But this dental fluorosis is an indication that the person, when a young child and suffered a toxic level of exposure to fluoride.
Dental fluorosis, no matter how slight, is an irreversible pathological condition recognised by authorities around the world as the first readily detectable clinical symptom of previous chronic fluoride poisoning.
To suggest we should ignore such a sign is as irrational as saying that the blue-black line which appears on the gums due to chronic lead poisoning is of no significance because it doesn’t cause any pain or discomfort.
Additionally, it is clearly wishful thinking to insist that tooth-forming cells are the only ones in the body sensitive to fluoride.
In 1979, Professor Lennart Krook of Cornell University demonstrated that the primary target cells for fluoride poisoning include certain hone cells. (Cornell Veterinarian, vol 8 and supplement 8).
Undoubtedly and the “fluoridation controversy” has entered a new phase in which genuine doubts are replacing previously held certainties.
For many years, a number of dentists seemed to believe that if a little fluoride is good for you and then more must be better. This attitude is not only wrong, it is irresponsible.
The issue has also been complicated by legislation making artificial fluoridation compulsory.
Repeal of these laws would involve considerable loss of face for some politicians and their advisers. For 40 years the “debate” about fluoridation has been remarkably emotive.

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This South African, who held chairs of mathematics and education at…

calijoseph — Sun, 06 Jun 2010 21:03:23 +0000

This South African, who held chairs of mathematics and education at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was the centre’s first scientific director.
He is a folk hero in microcomputing circles for his development of LOGO (a high-level computer language popular with teachers) and his book Mindstorm .
The book, inspired by the Swiss educational theorist Jean Piaget, describes how contact with computers can help children develop a sense “of the deepest ideas from science, from mathematics, and from the art of intellectual model building”.
Papert has been described by Marvin Minsky, director of the artificial intelligence laboratory at MIT, as the “greatest of all living educationalists”.
On the ground floor of the plush Avenue Matignon headquarters, children sit absorbed in front of banks of Apple II computers.
Some are engaged in their own programming projects, or explore Turtle Graphics (the best-known feature of LOGO). Others simply play variants of Space Invaders, Mission Control or Panic. Friendly staff guide casual visitors to their first encounter with LOGO.
This can be disconcerting if your french is poor and all you want is an interview with Seymour Papert.
The free-for-all on the ground floor is a shop window of the centre’s intentions and an affirmation of its belief that computing should be accessible to everyone.
The day I was there, all the children were boys, but this apparently has more to do with French culture than computer culture.
In practice, if not in spirit and there is a complete divorce between the ground floor, full of people who have walked in off the street, and the upper floors, where research and development on both hardware and software for the Third World take place.
When I visited the centre, last September and the clash of French and American academic cultures was disconcerting at first.
The atmosphere was casually chaotic, far more akin to an American university than to a French laboratory, but the secretaries were unmistakably French. Everywhere, cursors blinked and winked from monitor screens.
Fittingly their messages were variously in English, French and Wolof (a West African language).

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Brian Bertram, working with David Bygott and Jeannette…

calijoseph — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 17:33:47 +0000

Brian Bertram, working with David Bygott and Jeannette Hanby of the University of Cambridge and showed that males actually did increase their lifetime fitness by cooperating with one another (Nature, vol 282, p 839).
They followed the fates of individually-known lions living in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania over several years.
Their data showed that the larger the coalition and the greater was the fitness of each male within it despite the fact that he had more companions with whom he had to share paternity.
The effect resulted mainly from the fact that larger coalitions could maintain tenure of a pride for longer.
Because and they argued and the males in coalitions were almost always close relatives and kin selection enhanced the benefits of cooperation.
But is kinship really an important driving force behind cooperation in male lions?
Craig Packer and Anne Pusey of the University of Chicago have continued to follow the life and loves of these Tanzanian lions (Nature , vol 296, p 740).
Now, it seems, non-relatives are not so uncommon in coalitions: 5 out of 12 (42 per cent) of the coalitions they observed contained non relatives ” considerably (but not significantly) higher than the 10 per cent (2 out of 21) recorded in Bygott, Bertram and Hanby’s study.
Packer and Pusey suspect that the likelihood of finding non-relatives in a coalition probably varies with the average age of its members, because young related males may die and be replaced by singleton males from other prides.
Packer and Pusey observed oestrous females attended by rival males and sometimes relatives and sometimes not.
They showed that disputes between the males were some what commoner than had previously been reported.
They also noticed that males within a coalition did not discriminate between kin and non-kin: they did not compete more intensely with non-relatives.
This observation and they believe and throws doubt on the importance of kin selection.
The researchers suggest that game theory and rather than kin selection, can account for the general absence of fighting over females within a coalition.
Game theory suggests that contests over oestrous females will be settled “conventionally”, by the recognition of asymmetries such as”owner versus rival”.
The costs of fighting, which often leads to serious wounds or blinding, would outweigh the benefits of mating with a particular female in the long term and they argue.
Males compete mainly and say Packer and Pusey, by trying to anticipate oestrous in a female to be the first to consort with her.
Bertram argues that game theory and kin selection should not be seen as alternative explanations (Nature , vol 302, p 356).
“The role of kin selection is that in competition between related males, it makes the costs higher and the benefits lower,” he says.
Nor is kin selection the only force promoting cooperation in lions; but it can amplify the initial advantage of being in a group. Wild potatoes mimic aphid alarm signal
ONE type of wild potato has developed a novel way of protecting itself from the ravages of aphids ” by producing the chemical that aphids themselves use as an alarm signal.
R. W. Gibson and J. A. Pickett of Rothamsted Experimental Station in Harpenden believe their discovery to be the first example of a food crop plant using insect pheromones in this way, and suggest that this mode of protection could be introduced to cultivated species (Nature . vol 302, p 608).
Gibson and Pickett studied the wild tuber-bearing potato,Solanum berthaultii .
which shows resistance to a wide range of pests including aphids, leafhoppers, mites and thrips.
Their resistance lies in the tiny glandular hairs which cover the foliage of the wild potato, but not that of cultivated species. The hairs come in two types, designated A and B .

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Like Fyfe, all three were to remain at these places until…

calijoseph — Sun, 30 May 2010 05:25:22 +0000

Like Fyfe, all three were to remain at these places until the end of their working lives. Concern for Deaf Children’s Health
There was so much poverty during the 1920s that there was grave concern for the general health of children in residential schools for the deaf. Tuberculosis and malnutrition were prevalent, as was rickets.
A number of residential schools therefore converted part of their buildings to, or constructed new, hospital wards or sick bays to combat the poor health of their pupils. A Deaf School Goes Overseas
In the 1920s, generally all state schools ” whether for the deaf or for those with normal hearing ” had conditions which were grim.
This was especially true of those schools which were situated in poverty-stricken areas following the aftermath of the General Strike of 1926 and mass unemployment.
There was little money available for luxuries, yet in 1928 a group of children from the Royal Cross School for the Deaf, Preston, made what may have been the first ever educational overseas school trip when they went to France and Belgium.
They travelled by ferry, and among the places that they visited were Paris, Lille and Bruges. First Deaf Motorist Fined
A.J. Wilson and the President of the National Deaf Club, and the first deaf person to drive a car back in 1896, got another “first” that was most unwelcome when he became the first deaf driver to fall foul of the road traffic laws and be fined for speeding.
To his chagrin, A.J. Wilson, a lifelong oralist and successful businessman, got headlines in the national newspapers describing him as “deaf and dumb”. The Growth of Deaf Sports
One bright light in the depression of the 1920s was the tremendous growth of sports being played by deaf people.
Regional competitions were held for most indoor sports like billiards and snooker and darts; many deaf institutes had their soccer teams with the B.D.D.A.’s annual Healey Cup being keenly fought for.
Some institutes did not ignore ladies sports ” a number of hockey teams were formed and matches played.
One of the keenly fought matches took place when Glasgow Ladies played Manchester Ladies in 1922.
The first International Games for the Deaf at Paris in 1924 created such interest that the B.D.D.A.’s Congress at Southampton included an international football match between England and Wales, which was won by England 30.
At cricket, Leicester Deaf Cricket Club became their local league Division I champions in 1927, and in 1929 the famous Lancashire and England batsman, Ernest Tydlesley , presented a cricket bat as a trophy for an annual Roses match between Lancashire Deaf and Yorkshire Deaf. Club Outings and Charabancs
Adult deaf activities were not of course confined to sports.
The advent of motor coaches enabled many deaf institutes to organise outings and charabanc trips. Deeds of Bravery

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There are several reasons for believing that…

calijoseph — Sat, 22 May 2010 15:16:10 +0000

There are several reasons for believing that the answer is a resounding Yes .
First of all, we can note that there is nowadays an increasing emphasis on the idea of “life-long education”" that is to say education that continues through the whole of adulthood.
One way in which adults can test their interest in some novel subject matter is to watch television programmes, or read books.
A potentially much richer way is to wander through a learning environment and such as a science museum and that has been specially laid out to introduce visitors, in a systematic way and to particular kinds of subject matter.
With the help of audio-visual aids, computer-assisted instruction, and other teaching devices, a museum can bring a subject alive in ways that compare favourably with a single television programme, or a book selected almost by chance from the local shop.
The kind of help that museums can give to adults can equally well be given to schoolchildren, and to teachers who bring parties of schoolchildren for specific purposes.
Museums should be rewarding learning environments, and any attempt to settle for mass popularity alone is to sell museums short.
Finally, at a time when the demand for public accountability has never been greater, it is worth remembering that many museums receive substantial grants towards what is supposed to be their educational provision for the general public.
Museums which take this grant, while doing little more than offer the occasional public lecture, or some minimal help to schoolteachers who arrive with their pupils and risk having such financial support severely cut back, or even withdrawn.
Educational theory does not by any means have the answers to all our educational problems.
But educational theorists do at least know that it is possible to do better than this. Vague records confuse plutonium issue?
Roger Milne
Britain’s civil nuclear power programme is said to have produced a stockpile of plutonium big enough to make 14 000 nuclear warheads. No one is accountable for the destination and use of this material
REVELATIONS that the National Nuclear Corporation is considering selling Magnox reactors to Chile and Bangladesh has set alarm bells ringing.
The NNC, part-owned by the government, acts as agent to the electricity supply industry for the construction of Britain’s nuclear power stations.
It is looking desperately for overseas orders to bolster a declining workload in the UK.
There is no secret of its wish to market versions of Britain’s first generation reactor to emerging developed countries. Turkey is a case in point.
The reason for concern is the risk of the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
As well as generating electricity, Magnox reactors are particularly efficient at producing plutonium.
And plutonium, providing it is of sufficiently high quality, can be used for arms manufacture.
It is not just the prospect of overseas sales which is troubling the nuclear industry and its critics at present.
The question of plutonium produced from the UK civil nuclear power programme is equally a source of controversy and revived this month at the long-running Sizewell inquiry.
Past links between the civil use of nuclear power and its military application are clearly documented, giving the lie to government blandishments that there are no connections.

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“It was laughed at, but secretly we’d say “Oh God and…

calijoseph — Wed, 19 May 2010 18:37:52 +0000

“It was laughed at, but secretly we’d say “Oh God and they’re being stupid”.”
But the same stigma was not associated with accident involvement or dangerous driving.
Unsafe drivers, in particular, accepted that every male driver would at some time do something risky.
A crash or a motoring conviction was viewed as unlucky and rather than something that should have been avoided. A 19-year-old commented: “People buy a wreck and don’t mind wrecking it. Funnily enough, none of them would drink and drive or not wear a seatbelt.” A small number said that pressure of work made them take risks.
One driver told the interviewer: “I’m always thinking that they’re sat back in the office thinking “Where has he got to”, and it puts you on edge so I always drive faster in a company car because time is against me.”
The “unsafe” driver is more likely than the “safe”driver to be a non-manual worker and to have stayed on at school after the age of 16.
Others said that their driving was risky because friends and and to a lesser extent and the public, police and insurance companies labelled him as “high risk” and charged him a high premium, he might as well get his money’s worth. Passenger’s influence
Ninety percent of the drivers reported that passengers had an influence on their driving.
Parents, adults and girlfriends as passengers encouraged safer or slower driving.
But some drivers who were assessed to be unsafe admitted that their peers encouraged them to drive fast.
Drivers of both groups said that drunken passengers were a problem: they “messed about” in the car, grabbed the steering wheel and pulled on the handbrake.
While media seemed to have little influence on driving behaviour, both groups of drivers felt that it showed cars in an unrealistic light ” only seven percent thought otherwise. As one driver put it: “It’s ridiculous.
It makes people think they’re invincible and they can put a seatbelt on and they’ll be all right.
You see a car roll over in a film and people get up and walk away; people I know have rolled cars and broken arms and legs.”

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The Convention on International Trade in…

calijoseph — Fri, 14 May 2010 16:07:55 +0000

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and flora and to give it its full name, is an international treaty which regulates one of the most lucrative and controversial businesses ” the international wildlife trade.
Worth an incredible £1000 million a year and the trade brings substantial rewards to dealers who are permanently trying to weaken CITES controls, and anguish to wildlife conservationists who try equally fervently to add species to the protected lists.
With a pair of macaws fetching up to £10 000 and with an ounce of ground rhinoceros horn costing more than an ounce of gold in Asian medicine shops and the stakes are high.
(To clear up a myth once and for all and rhino horn is in demand not as an aphrodisiac but for its supposed fever-reducing qualities.
But consuming rhino horn will do you about as much good as chewing your finger nails; however and trying to tell that to the people who consume rhino horn is like trying to tell Ian Botham to lose weight. You will be ignored and you might get thumped.)
The degree of protection that CITES gives to a species depends on its conservation status. Appendix I of the convention lists species in danger of extinction. There are about 600 of them, and they cannot be traded for commercial purposes. Species that may become threatened with extinction are listed in Appendix II.
The several thousand species in this category can be commercially traded, but exporting countries are required to limit their trading to a level which is not detrimental to the survival of the animals. Seventy-nine countries, including the UK, are parties to CITES.
When government delegates meet every two years to decide which species to add to or delete from the appendices and the scene is set for a battle between non-governmental conservation organisations and such as the World Wildlife Fund, and representatives of the pet industry and the fur trade, with both factions desperately trying to sell their points of view.
The future of dozens of species will be at stake, One of the most alarming agenda items for the meeting is a proposal by Zambia and Zimbabwe to transfer eastern and central African populations of leopard from Appendix I to Appendix II.
The leopard has been listed as a species in danger of extinction since CITES was concluded in Washington 10 years ago, which is why you do not, or at least should not and see leopard skin coats and hats in London’s expensive fur shops.
(You may occasionally see an old skin for sale as CITES makes exceptions for specimens acquired before the convention came into force.)
Acceptance of the proposal could lead to a resurgence in international trade in leopard skin.
The problem is not so much the effect this will have on eastern and central African populations of leopard, which are relatively stable, but the disastrous impact it could have on the species elsewhere.
The distribution of leopards is wide and ranging from South Africa northwards and eastwards through Asia as far as China, and in parts of North Africa and Asia the species is in serious danger of extinction.
For the moment, endangered populations are relatively secure from poachers because listing the leopard in Appendix I has more or less dried up the market in leopard skins.

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